diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/README.md b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10185c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+---
+title: Nginx Rewrite 兼容迁移
+keywords: [higress, nginx, rewrite, set, migration]
+description: nginx rewrite + set 安全迁移插件说明
+---
+
+## 功能说明
+
+`nginx-rewrite-compatible` 插件提供与 `nginx rewrite + set` 指令组合等价的常见能力，包括路径重写、查询串追加或替换、正则捕获组变量保存，以及通过请求头将变量传递给上游服务。
+
+这个插件面向从 Nginx 迁移到 Higress 的场景，作为安全替代方案，避免继续依赖受 `CVE-2026-42945` 影响的重写链路。
+
+## 安全背景
+
+`CVE-2026-42945` 是一个与 Nginx `rewrite` 和 `set` 指令组合相关的长期堆溢出问题，漏洞存在约 18 年。其触发条件集中在以下模式：
+
+1. `rewrite` 使用带 `?` 的替换目标，在一次 rewrite pass 中同时修改 URI 和 query string。
+2. `set` 在后续步骤中继续引用前一次正则匹配得到的捕获组，如 `$1`、`$2`。
+3. 两次 pass 之间，rewrite 状态和捕获组状态没有保持一致，导致后续 `set` 读取了不匹配的捕获组元数据，最终触发越界访问和堆溢出。
+
+Higress 的 WASM 插件没有这个问题，原因是：
+
+1. 每个请求都在独立的 WASM 上下文中处理。
+2. 本插件在一次请求回调内完成“匹配、重写、变量保存、向上游透传”全过程，不依赖 Nginx rewrite module 的两阶段状态机。
+3. 捕获组结果只存在当前请求的内存和请求属性中，不会跨 pass 泄漏，也不会复用失配状态。
+
+## 运行属性
+
+插件执行阶段：`默认阶段`
+插件执行优先级：`100`
+
+## 配置字段
+
+| 字段名 | 类型 | 必填 | 默认值 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `rules` | array of object | 是 | - | 重写规则列表，按顺序执行 |
+
+### `rules` 配置说明
+
+| 字段名 | 类型 | 必填 | 默认值 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `regex` | string | 是 | - | 匹配请求 path 的正则表达式，不包含 query string |
+| `replacement` | string | 是 | - | 新的路径模板，支持 `$1`、`$2` 等捕获组引用 |
+| `query_append` | string | 否 | - | 追加到原 query string 的片段，支持 `$1`、`$2` |
+| `query_template` | string | 否 | - | 完全替换原 query string 的模板，支持 `$1`、`$2` |
+| `set_vars` | array of object | 否 | - | 将捕获组写入请求级变量，或按变量名前缀改写 query/header/cookie |
+| `pass_to_upstream` | bool | 否 | `false` | 是否把当前规则的变量同时写入请求头传给上游 |
+| `mode` | string | 否 | `last` | 规则流转模式，支持 `break` 和 `last` |
+
+说明：
+
+1. `query_append` 和 `query_template` 不能同时配置。
+2. `mode: break` 表示命中当前规则后停止继续匹配后续规则。
+3. `mode: last` 表示命中当前规则后，使用重写后的 path 继续匹配后续规则。
+4. `set_vars` 中，`arg_` 前缀会修改请求 query parameter，`http_` 前缀会修改请求 header，`cookie_` 前缀会修改请求 cookie，其他变量名会通过 `proxywasm.SetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible","vars",name})` 保存。
+5. `http_` 前缀对应的 header 名称会去掉前缀，并把下划线转换成横杠。
+6. 当 `pass_to_upstream: true` 时，变量还会额外写入请求头 `x-higress-rewrite-var-<name>`。
+
+### `set_vars` 配置说明
+
+| 字段名 | 类型 | 必填 | 说明 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `name` | string | 是 | 变量名。`arg_`/`http_`/`cookie_` 前缀分别表示写 query parameter、header、cookie；其他名称表示自定义属性 |
+| `capture_group` | int | 是 | 捕获组编号，`0` 表示整个匹配，`1` 表示第一个分组 |
+
+## Nginx 配置对照表
+
+### 1. 简单路径重写
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/old/(.*)$ /new/$1;
+```
+
+插件配置:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/old/(.*)$
+    replacement: /new/$1
+```
+
+### 2. 正则捕获组替换
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/product/([0-9]+)$ /detail/$1;
+```
+
+插件配置:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/product/([0-9]+)$
+    replacement: /detail/$1
+```
+
+### 3. Query String 操作
+
+追加 query:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/api/(.*)$ /internal?migrated=true;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/api/(.*)$
+    replacement: /internal
+    query_append: migrated=true
+```
+
+替换 query:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/x/(.*)/(.*)$ /y?a=$1&b=$2;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/x/(.*)/(.*)$
+    replacement: /y
+    query_template: a=$1&b=$2
+```
+
+### 4. 特殊变量前缀
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: "^/api/(.*)/(.*)$"
+    replacement: "/internal"
+    set_vars:
+      - name: original_path
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: http_x_original
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: arg_source
+        capture_group: 2
+      - name: cookie_track_id
+        capture_group: 1
+```
+
+语义：
+
+1. `original_path` 保存为请求属性，可供后续插件通过 `GetProperty(["nginx_rewrite_compatible","vars","original_path"])` 读取。
+2. `http_x_original` 设置请求头 `x-original`。
+3. `arg_source` 设置 query parameter `source`。
+4. `cookie_track_id` 设置 cookie `track_id`。
+
+### 5. 变量保存与传递
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/api/(.*)$ /internal?migrated=true;
+set $original_endpoint $1;
+```
+
+插件配置:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/api/(.*)$
+    replacement: /internal
+    query_append: migrated=true
+    set_vars:
+      - name: original_endpoint
+        capture_group: 1
+    pass_to_upstream: true
+```
+
+### 6. 多规则组合
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/stage/(.*)$ /mid/$1;
+rewrite ^/mid/(.*)$ /final/$1;
+```
+
+插件配置:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/stage/(.*)$
+    replacement: /mid/$1
+    mode: last
+  - regex: ^/mid/(.*)$
+    replacement: /final/$1
+```
+
+### 7. break / last 控制
+
+Nginx `break`:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/stage/(.*)$ /mid/$1 break;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/stage/(.*)$
+    replacement: /mid/$1
+    mode: break
+```
+
+Nginx `last`:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/stage/(.*)$ /mid/$1 last;
+rewrite ^/mid/(.*)$ /final/$1;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/stage/(.*)$
+    replacement: /mid/$1
+    mode: last
+  - regex: ^/mid/(.*)$
+    replacement: /final/$1
+```
+
+## 使用示例
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/api/(.*)$
+    replacement: /internal
+    query_append: migrated=true
+    set_vars:
+      - name: original_endpoint
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: http_x_original_endpoint
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: arg_source
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: cookie_track_id
+        capture_group: 1
+    pass_to_upstream: true
+    mode: break
+
+  - regex: ^/old/(.*)$
+    replacement: /new/$1
+
+  - regex: ^/x/(.*)/(.*)$
+    replacement: /y
+    query_template: a=$1&b=$2
+    set_vars:
+      - name: first
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: second
+        capture_group: 2
+```
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/README_EN.md b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/README_EN.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4dcb9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/README_EN.md
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+---
+title: Nginx Rewrite Compatibility Migration
+keywords: [higress, nginx, rewrite, set, migration]
+description: Secure migration plugin for nginx rewrite + set
+---
+
+## Features
+
+The `nginx-rewrite-compatible` plugin provides the common behavior of `nginx rewrite + set`, including path rewrites, query append or replacement, capture-group variable storage, and optional variable propagation to upstream services through request headers.
+
+It is designed as a secure migration alternative when moving from Nginx to Higress, so users do not need to keep relying on the rewrite path affected by `CVE-2026-42945`.
+
+## Security Background
+
+`CVE-2026-42945` is a long-standing heap overflow issue related to the interaction between Nginx `rewrite` and `set`. The vulnerable pattern is:
+
+1. A `rewrite` rule uses a replacement containing `?`, so URI and query string are updated during one rewrite pass.
+2. A later `set` still references capture groups such as `$1` or `$2`.
+3. The state kept across rewrite passes becomes inconsistent, so `set` reads capture-group metadata from a mismatched state and eventually triggers out-of-bounds access and heap corruption.
+
+The Higress WASM approach does not have this problem because:
+
+1. Each request is handled in an isolated WASM request context.
+2. This plugin performs match, rewrite, variable extraction, and upstream propagation in one request callback instead of relying on Nginx's multi-pass rewrite state machine.
+3. Capture-group data lives only inside the current request and request properties, so there is no cross-pass state leakage.
+
+## Runtime Properties
+
+Plugin execution phase: `UNSPECIFIED`
+Plugin execution priority: `100`
+
+## Configuration Fields
+
+| Field Name | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `rules` | array of object | Yes | - | Ordered rewrite rules |
+
+### `rules`
+
+| Field Name | Type | Required | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `regex` | string | Yes | - | Regular expression that matches the request path without the query string |
+| `replacement` | string | Yes | - | New path template. Supports capture references such as `$1` and `$2` |
+| `query_append` | string | No | - | Query fragment appended to the existing query string. Supports `$1`, `$2` |
+| `query_template` | string | No | - | Query template that replaces the existing query string. Supports `$1`, `$2` |
+| `set_vars` | array of object | No | - | Stores capture groups as request-scoped variables, or rewrites query/header/cookie based on variable prefixes |
+| `pass_to_upstream` | bool | No | `false` | Whether variables from the current rule should also be written into upstream request headers |
+| `mode` | string | No | `last` | Rule flow mode. Supported values: `break`, `last` |
+
+Notes:
+
+1. `query_append` and `query_template` are mutually exclusive.
+2. `mode: break` stops evaluation after the current matching rule.
+3. `mode: last` continues evaluating the following rules with the rewritten path.
+4. In `set_vars`, the `arg_` prefix rewrites a request query parameter, `http_` rewrites a request header, `cookie_` rewrites a request cookie, and any other name is stored with `proxywasm.SetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible","vars",name})`.
+5. For `http_`, the header name is derived by removing the prefix and converting underscores to hyphens.
+6. When `pass_to_upstream: true`, variables are also written to `x-higress-rewrite-var-<name>`.
+
+### `set_vars`
+
+| Field Name | Type | Required | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `name` | string | Yes | Variable name. `arg_`/`http_`/`cookie_` mean query parameter, header, and cookie updates respectively; other names become custom properties |
+| `capture_group` | int | Yes | Capture-group index. `0` means the whole match and `1` means the first group |
+
+## Nginx Mapping Table
+
+### 1. Simple Path Rewrite
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/old/(.*)$ /new/$1;
+```
+
+Plugin:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/old/(.*)$
+    replacement: /new/$1
+```
+
+### 2. Capture-Group Replacement
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/product/([0-9]+)$ /detail/$1;
+```
+
+Plugin:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/product/([0-9]+)$
+    replacement: /detail/$1
+```
+
+### 3. Query String Operations
+
+Append query:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/api/(.*)$ /internal?migrated=true;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/api/(.*)$
+    replacement: /internal
+    query_append: migrated=true
+```
+
+Replace query:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/x/(.*)/(.*)$ /y?a=$1&b=$2;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/x/(.*)/(.*)$
+    replacement: /y
+    query_template: a=$1&b=$2
+```
+
+### 4. Special Variable Prefixes
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: "^/api/(.*)/(.*)$"
+    replacement: "/internal"
+    set_vars:
+      - name: original_path
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: http_x_original
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: arg_source
+        capture_group: 2
+      - name: cookie_track_id
+        capture_group: 1
+```
+
+Semantics:
+
+1. `original_path` is stored as a request property and can be read later with `GetProperty(["nginx_rewrite_compatible","vars","original_path"])`.
+2. `http_x_original` sets the request header `x-original`.
+3. `arg_source` sets the query parameter `source`.
+4. `cookie_track_id` sets the cookie `track_id`.
+
+### 5. Variable Preservation and Propagation
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/api/(.*)$ /internal?migrated=true;
+set $original_endpoint $1;
+```
+
+Plugin:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/api/(.*)$
+    replacement: /internal
+    query_append: migrated=true
+    set_vars:
+      - name: original_endpoint
+        capture_group: 1
+    pass_to_upstream: true
+```
+
+### 6. Multiple Rules
+
+Nginx:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/stage/(.*)$ /mid/$1;
+rewrite ^/mid/(.*)$ /final/$1;
+```
+
+Plugin:
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/stage/(.*)$
+    replacement: /mid/$1
+    mode: last
+  - regex: ^/mid/(.*)$
+    replacement: /final/$1
+```
+
+### 7. `break` / `last`
+
+Nginx `break`:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/stage/(.*)$ /mid/$1 break;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/stage/(.*)$
+    replacement: /mid/$1
+    mode: break
+```
+
+Nginx `last`:
+
+```nginx
+rewrite ^/stage/(.*)$ /mid/$1 last;
+rewrite ^/mid/(.*)$ /final/$1;
+```
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/stage/(.*)$
+    replacement: /mid/$1
+    mode: last
+  - regex: ^/mid/(.*)$
+    replacement: /final/$1
+```
+
+## Example
+
+```yaml
+rules:
+  - regex: ^/api/(.*)$
+    replacement: /internal
+    query_append: migrated=true
+    set_vars:
+      - name: original_endpoint
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: http_x_original_endpoint
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: arg_source
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: cookie_track_id
+        capture_group: 1
+    pass_to_upstream: true
+    mode: break
+
+  - regex: ^/old/(.*)$
+    replacement: /new/$1
+
+  - regex: ^/x/(.*)/(.*)$
+    replacement: /y
+    query_template: a=$1&b=$2
+    set_vars:
+      - name: first
+        capture_group: 1
+      - name: second
+        capture_group: 2
+```
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/VERSION b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/VERSION
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3eefcb9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/VERSION
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1.0.0
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/go.mod b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/go.mod
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc77c285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/go.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+module github.com/alibaba/higress/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible
+
+go 1.24.1
+
+toolchain go1.24.4
+
+require (
+	github.com/higress-group/proxy-wasm-go-sdk v0.0.0-20250822030947-8345453fddd0
+	github.com/higress-group/wasm-go v1.0.2
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2 // indirect
+	github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tidwall/resp v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tidwall/sjson v1.2.5 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+)
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/go.sum b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/go.sum
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2ed1130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/go.sum
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
+github.com/higress-group/proxy-wasm-go-sdk v0.0.0-20250822030947-8345453fddd0 h1:YGdj8KBzVjabU3STUfwMZghB+VlX6YLfJtLbrsWaOD0=
+github.com/higress-group/proxy-wasm-go-sdk v0.0.0-20250822030947-8345453fddd0/go.mod h1:tRI2LfMudSkKHhyv1uex3BWzcice2s/l8Ah8axporfA=
+github.com/higress-group/wasm-go v1.0.2 h1:8fQqR+wHts8tP+v7GYxmsCNyW5nAjn9wPYV0/+Seqzg=
+github.com/higress-group/wasm-go v1.0.2/go.mod h1:882/J8ccU4i+LeyFKmeicbHWAYLj8y7YZr60zk0OOCI=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2 h1:1+z5nXJNwMLPAWaTePFi49SSTL0IMx/i3Fg8Yc25GDc=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2/go.mod h1:ytl6Zuh20R/eROuyDaGPkp82O9C/DJfXAwJfQ3X6/7Y=
+github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.14.2/go.mod h1:/wbyibRr2FHMks5tjHJ5F8dMZh3AcwJEMf5vlfC0lxk=
+github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0 h1:FIDeeyB800efLX89e5a8Y0BNH+LOngJyGrIWxG2FKQY=
+github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0/go.mod h1:/wbyibRr2FHMks5tjHJ5F8dMZh3AcwJEMf5vlfC0lxk=
+github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1 h1:+Ho715JplO36QYgwN9PGYNhgZvoUSc9X2c80KVTi+GA=
+github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1/go.mod h1:eRSPERbgtNPcGhD8UCthc6PmLEQXEWd3PRB5JTxsfmM=
+github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.0/go.mod h1:ITEVvHYasfjBbM0u2Pg8T2nJnzm8xPwvNhhsoaGGjNU=
+github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1 h1:qjsOFOWWQl+N3RsoF5/ssm1pHmJJwhjlSbZ51I6wMl4=
+github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1/go.mod h1:ITEVvHYasfjBbM0u2Pg8T2nJnzm8xPwvNhhsoaGGjNU=
+github.com/tidwall/resp v0.1.1 h1:Ly20wkhqKTmDUPlyM1S7pWo5kk0tDu8OoC/vFArXmwE=
+github.com/tidwall/resp v0.1.1/go.mod h1:3/FrruOBAxPTPtundW0VXgmsQ4ZBA0Aw714lVYgwFa0=
+github.com/tidwall/sjson v1.2.5 h1:kLy8mja+1c9jlljvWTlSazM7cKDRfJuR/bOJhcY5NcY=
+github.com/tidwall/sjson v1.2.5/go.mod h1:Fvgq9kS/6ociJEDnK0Fk1cpYF4FIW6ZF7LAe+6jwd28=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/main.go b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7649fd27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/alibaba/higress/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/pkg"
+	"github.com/higress-group/proxy-wasm-go-sdk/proxywasm/types"
+	"github.com/higress-group/wasm-go/pkg/log"
+	"github.com/higress-group/wasm-go/pkg/wrapper"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func main() {}
+
+func init() {
+	wrapper.SetCtx(
+		"nginx-rewrite-compatible",
+		wrapper.ParseConfigBy(parseConfig),
+		wrapper.ProcessRequestHeadersBy(onHttpRequestHeaders),
+	)
+}
+
+// @Name nginx-rewrite-compatible
+// @Category custom
+// @Phase UNSPECIFIED_PHASE
+// @Priority 100
+// @Title zh-CN Nginx Rewrite 兼容迁移
+// @Title en-US Nginx Rewrite Compatibility Migration
+// @Description zh-CN 提供与 nginx rewrite + set 指令组合等价的路径重写、查询串重写，以及通过 arg_/http_/cookie_ 前缀修改请求参数、请求头和 Cookie 的能力，用于安全迁移到 Higress。
+// @Description en-US Provides path rewrite, query rewrite, and nginx-style arg_/http_/cookie_ variable handling for request parameters, headers, and cookies, enabling safe migration to Higress.
+// @Version 1.0.0
+func parseConfig(json gjson.Result, config *pkg.PluginConfig, logger log.Log) error {
+	if err := config.FromJson(json); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse plugin config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func onHttpRequestHeaders(ctx wrapper.HttpContext, config pkg.PluginConfig, logger log.Log) types.Action {
+	changed, err := config.Apply(ctx, logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("failed to apply rewrite rules: %v", err)
+		return types.ActionContinue
+	}
+	if changed {
+		logger.Debugf("rewrite rules applied successfully")
+	}
+	return types.ActionContinue
+}
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/main_test.go b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9b7b0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/higress-group/proxy-wasm-go-sdk/proxywasm/types"
+	"github.com/higress-group/wasm-go/pkg/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNginxRewriteCompatible(t *testing.T) {
+	test.RunTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run("basic rewrite", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/old/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/new/$1",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/old/demo"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/new/demo")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("rewrite and query append", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":        "^/api/(.*)$",
+						"replacement":  "/internal",
+						"query_append": "migrated=true",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/api/orders?id=1"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/internal?id=1&migrated=true")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("rewrite and set vars", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/user/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/profile",
+						"set_vars": []map[string]any{
+							{"name": "user_id", "capture_group": 1},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/user/alice"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/profile")
+			value, err := host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "user_id"})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, "alice", string(value))
+		})
+
+		t.Run("special set var prefixes", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/api/(.*)/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/internal",
+						"set_vars": []map[string]any{
+							{"name": "original_path", "capture_group": 1},
+							{"name": "http_x_original", "capture_group": 1},
+							{"name": "arg_source", "capture_group": 2},
+							{"name": "cookie_track_id", "capture_group": 1},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeadersWithCookie("/api/orders/mobile?legacy=yes", "session=abc"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/internal?legacy=yes&source=mobile")
+			requireHeader(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "x-original", "orders")
+			requireHeader(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "cookie", "session=abc; track_id=orders")
+
+			value, err := host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "original_path"})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, "orders", string(value))
+
+			_, err = host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "http_x_original"})
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			_, err = host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "arg_source"})
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			_, err = host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "cookie_track_id"})
+			require.Error(t, err)
+		})
+
+		t.Run("multiple capture groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":          "^/a/(.*)/b/(.*)$",
+						"replacement":    "/c",
+						"query_template": "x=$1&y=$2",
+						"set_vars": []map[string]any{
+							{"name": "first", "capture_group": 1},
+							{"name": "second", "capture_group": 2},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/a/hello/b/world"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/c?x=hello&y=world")
+
+			first, err := host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "first"})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, "hello", string(first))
+			second, err := host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "second"})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, "world", string(second))
+		})
+
+		t.Run("break vs last", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/stage/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/mid/$1",
+						"mode":        "break",
+					},
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/mid/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/final/$1",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/stage/item"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/mid/item")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("last continues matching", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/stage/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/mid/$1",
+						"mode":        "last",
+					},
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/mid/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/final/$1",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/stage/item"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/final/item")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("no match keeps original request", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/old/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/new/$1",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/keep"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/keep")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("special characters are preserved", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":          "^/raw/(.*)$",
+						"replacement":    "/target",
+						"query_template": "value=$1&flag=a+b&expr=%25done",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/raw/a+b%26=%25"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/target?value=a+b%26=%25&flag=a+b&expr=%25done")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("empty capture group", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":       "^/empty/(.*)$",
+						"replacement": "/done",
+						"set_vars": []map[string]any{
+							{"name": "tail", "capture_group": 1},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/empty/"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/done")
+			_, err := host.GetProperty([]string{"nginx_rewrite_compatible", "vars", "tail"})
+			require.Error(t, err)
+		})
+
+		t.Run("query template replaces existing query", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":          "^/query/(.*)$",
+						"replacement":    "/target",
+						"query_template": "id=$1",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/query/abc?legacy=yes"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/target?id=abc")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("query append preserves existing query", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":        "^/query/(.*)$",
+						"replacement":  "/target",
+						"query_append": "id=$1",
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/query/abc?legacy=yes"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/target?legacy=yes&id=abc")
+		})
+
+		t.Run("pass to upstream adds headers", func(t *testing.T) {
+			host, status := test.NewTestHost(mustConfig(t, map[string]any{
+				"rules": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"regex":            "^/api/(.*)$",
+						"replacement":      "/internal",
+						"pass_to_upstream": true,
+						"set_vars": []map[string]any{
+							{"name": "original_endpoint", "capture_group": 1},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}))
+			defer host.Reset()
+			require.Equal(t, types.OnPluginStartStatusOK, status)
+
+			action := host.CallOnHttpRequestHeaders(baseHeaders("/api/orders"))
+			require.Equal(t, types.ActionContinue, action)
+			requirePath(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "/internal")
+			requireHeader(t, host.GetRequestHeaders(), "x-higress-rewrite-var-original-endpoint", "orders")
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func mustConfig(t *testing.T, cfg map[string]any) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	data, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return data
+}
+
+func baseHeaders(path string) [][2]string {
+	return [][2]string{
+		{":authority", "example.com"},
+		{":path", path},
+		{":method", "GET"},
+	}
+}
+
+func baseHeadersWithCookie(path string, cookie string) [][2]string {
+	headers := baseHeaders(path)
+	return append(headers, [2]string{"cookie", cookie})
+}
+
+func requirePath(t *testing.T, headers [][2]string, expected string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	requireHeader(t, headers, ":path", expected)
+}
+
+func requireHeader(t *testing.T, headers [][2]string, name string, expected string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, header := range headers {
+		if header[0] == name {
+			require.Equal(t, expected, header[1])
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("header %s not found", name)
+}
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/pkg/config.go b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/pkg/config.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c6940b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/pkg/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+const (
+	ModeBreak = "break"
+	ModeLast  = "last"
+)
+
+type PluginConfig struct {
+	Rules []Rule `json:"rules"`
+}
+
+type Rule struct {
+	Regex          string   `json:"regex"`
+	Replacement    string   `json:"replacement"`
+	QueryAppend    string   `json:"query_append,omitempty"`
+	QueryTemplate  string   `json:"query_template,omitempty"`
+	SetVars        []SetVar `json:"set_vars,omitempty"`
+	PassToUpstream bool     `json:"pass_to_upstream,omitempty"`
+	Mode           string   `json:"mode,omitempty"`
+
+	compiled *regexp.Regexp
+}
+
+type SetVar struct {
+	Name         string `json:"name"`
+	CaptureGroup int    `json:"capture_group"`
+}
+
+func (c *PluginConfig) FromJson(json gjson.Result) error {
+	rules := json.Get("rules")
+	if !rules.Exists() || !rules.IsArray() || len(rules.Array()) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("rules must be a non-empty array")
+	}
+
+	c.Rules = make([]Rule, 0, len(rules.Array()))
+	for i, item := range rules.Array() {
+		rule, err := parseRule(item)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid rule %d: %w", i, err)
+		}
+		c.Rules = append(c.Rules, rule)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseRule(item gjson.Result) (Rule, error) {
+	rule := Rule{
+		Regex:          item.Get("regex").String(),
+		Replacement:    item.Get("replacement").String(),
+		QueryAppend:    item.Get("query_append").String(),
+		QueryTemplate:  item.Get("query_template").String(),
+		PassToUpstream: item.Get("pass_to_upstream").Bool(),
+		Mode:           strings.ToLower(item.Get("mode").String()),
+	}
+
+	if rule.Regex == "" {
+		return Rule{}, errors.New("regex is required")
+	}
+	if rule.Replacement == "" {
+		return Rule{}, errors.New("replacement is required")
+	}
+	if rule.QueryAppend != "" && rule.QueryTemplate != "" {
+		return Rule{}, errors.New("query_append and query_template cannot be used together")
+	}
+	if rule.Mode == "" {
+		rule.Mode = ModeLast
+	}
+	if rule.Mode != ModeBreak && rule.Mode != ModeLast {
+		return Rule{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported mode %q", rule.Mode)
+	}
+
+	compiled, err := regexp.Compile(rule.Regex)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Rule{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to compile regex: %w", err)
+	}
+	rule.compiled = compiled
+
+	setVars := item.Get("set_vars")
+	if setVars.Exists() {
+		if !setVars.IsArray() {
+			return Rule{}, errors.New("set_vars must be an array")
+		}
+		rule.SetVars = make([]SetVar, 0, len(setVars.Array()))
+		for i, setVarItem := range setVars.Array() {
+			setVar := SetVar{
+				Name:         setVarItem.Get("name").String(),
+				CaptureGroup: int(setVarItem.Get("capture_group").Int()),
+			}
+			if setVar.Name == "" {
+				return Rule{}, fmt.Errorf("set_vars[%d].name is required", i)
+			}
+			if setVar.CaptureGroup < 0 || setVar.CaptureGroup > compiled.NumSubexp() {
+				return Rule{}, fmt.Errorf("set_vars[%d].capture_group=%d out of range", i, setVar.CaptureGroup)
+			}
+			rule.SetVars = append(rule.SetVars, setVar)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rule, nil
+}
diff --git a/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/pkg/rewrite.go b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/pkg/rewrite.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d24ffee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/wasm-go/extensions/nginx-rewrite-compatible/pkg/rewrite.go
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/higress-group/proxy-wasm-go-sdk/proxywasm"
+	"github.com/higress-group/wasm-go/pkg/log"
+	"github.com/higress-group/wasm-go/pkg/wrapper"
+)
+
+const (
+	propertyNamespace = "nginx_rewrite_compatible"
+	headerPrefix      = "x-higress-rewrite-var-"
+	argVarPrefix      = "arg_"
+	httpVarPrefix     = "http_"
+	cookieVarPrefix   = "cookie_"
+)
+
+func (c PluginConfig) Apply(ctx wrapper.HttpContext, logger log.Log) (bool, error) {
+	originalPath, err := proxywasm.GetHttpRequestHeader(":path")
+	if err != nil || originalPath == "" {
+		originalPath = ctx.Path()
+	}
+	if originalPath == "" {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("request path is empty")
+	}
+
+	currentPath, currentQuery := splitPathAndQuery(originalPath)
+	vars := map[string]string{}
+	passHeaders := map[string]bool{}
+	requestHeaders := map[string]string{}
+	requestCookies := map[string]string{}
+	changed := false
+
+	for i, rule := range c.Rules {
+		matches := rule.compiled.FindStringSubmatchIndex(currentPath)
+		if matches == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !changed {
+			ctx.DisableReroute()
+		}
+		changed = true
+
+		newPath := rule.compiled.ReplaceAllString(currentPath, rule.Replacement)
+		if newPath == "" {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("rule %d produced an empty path", i)
+		}
+
+		switch {
+		case rule.QueryTemplate != "":
+			currentQuery = expandTemplate(rule, currentPath, matches, rule.QueryTemplate)
+		case rule.QueryAppend != "":
+			currentQuery = appendQuery(currentQuery, expandTemplate(rule, currentPath, matches, rule.QueryAppend))
+		}
+
+		for _, setVar := range rule.SetVars {
+			value := captureGroupValue(currentPath, matches, setVar.CaptureGroup)
+			vars[setVar.Name] = value
+			passHeaders[setVar.Name] = rule.PassToUpstream
+		}
+
+		logger.Debugf("rule %d matched path %q and rewrote it to %q", i, currentPath, newPath)
+		currentPath = newPath
+
+		if rule.Mode == ModeBreak {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !changed {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	for name, value := range vars {
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(name, argVarPrefix):
+			currentQuery = setQueryParam(currentQuery, strings.TrimPrefix(name, argVarPrefix), value)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(name, httpVarPrefix):
+			requestHeaders[buildRequestHeaderName(strings.TrimPrefix(name, httpVarPrefix))] = value
+		case strings.HasPrefix(name, cookieVarPrefix):
+			requestCookies[strings.TrimPrefix(name, cookieVarPrefix)] = value
+		case value != "":
+			if err := proxywasm.SetProperty([]string{propertyNamespace, "vars", name}, []byte(value)); err != nil {
+				return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set property for var %q: %w", name, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		headerName := buildUpstreamHeaderName(name)
+		if passHeaders[name] {
+			if err := proxywasm.ReplaceHttpRequestHeader(headerName, value); err != nil {
+				return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set upstream header for var %q: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := proxywasm.RemoveHttpRequestHeader(headerName); err != nil {
+			logger.Warnf("failed to remove upstream header %q: %v", headerName, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for name, value := range requestHeaders {
+		if err := proxywasm.ReplaceHttpRequestHeader(name, value); err != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set request header %q: %w", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(requestCookies) > 0 {
+		currentCookie, err := proxywasm.GetHttpRequestHeader("cookie")
+		if err != nil {
+			currentCookie = ""
+		}
+		updatedCookie := currentCookie
+		for name, value := range requestCookies {
+			updatedCookie = setCookie(updatedCookie, name, value)
+		}
+		if err := proxywasm.ReplaceHttpRequestHeader("cookie", updatedCookie); err != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set cookie header: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	finalPath := buildPath(currentPath, currentQuery)
+	if finalPath != originalPath {
+		if err := proxywasm.ReplaceHttpRequestHeader(":path", finalPath); err != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to replace :path header: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func splitPathAndQuery(path string) (string, string) {
+	pathOnly, query, found := strings.Cut(path, "?")
+	if !found {
+		return path, ""
+	}
+	return pathOnly, query
+}
+
+func buildPath(path string, query string) string {
+	if query == "" {
+		return path
+	}
+	return path + "?" + query
+}
+
+func appendQuery(existing string, suffix string) string {
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return existing
+	}
+	if existing == "" {
+		return suffix
+	}
+	return existing + "&" + suffix
+}
+
+func setQueryParam(existing string, key string, value string) string {
+	if key == "" {
+		return existing
+	}
+
+	parts := []string{}
+	replaced := false
+	if existing != "" {
+		for _, part := range strings.Split(existing, "&") {
+			if part == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			name, _, _ := strings.Cut(part, "=")
+			if name != key {
+				parts = append(parts, part)
+				continue
+			}
+			if !replaced {
+				parts = append(parts, key+"="+value)
+				replaced = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !replaced {
+		parts = append(parts, key+"="+value)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "&")
+}
+
+func expandTemplate(rule Rule, currentPath string, matches []int, template string) string {
+	return string(rule.compiled.ExpandString(nil, template, currentPath, matches))
+}
+
+func captureGroupValue(currentPath string, matches []int, group int) string {
+	index := group * 2
+	if index+1 >= len(matches) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	start, end := matches[index], matches[index+1]
+	if start < 0 || end < 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return currentPath[start:end]
+}
+
+func buildUpstreamHeaderName(name string) string {
+	sanitized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(name))
+	sanitized = strings.ReplaceAll(sanitized, "_", "-")
+	sanitized = strings.ReplaceAll(sanitized, " ", "-")
+	return headerPrefix + sanitized
+}
+
+func buildRequestHeaderName(name string) string {
+	sanitized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(name))
+	sanitized = strings.ReplaceAll(sanitized, "_", "-")
+	sanitized = strings.ReplaceAll(sanitized, " ", "-")
+	return sanitized
+}
+
+func setCookie(existing string, key string, value string) string {
+	if key == "" {
+		return existing
+	}
+
+	parts := []string{}
+	replaced := false
+	if existing != "" {
+		for _, part := range strings.Split(existing, ";") {
+			part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+			if part == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			name, _, _ := strings.Cut(part, "=")
+			if name != key {
+				parts = append(parts, part)
+				continue
+			}
+			if !replaced {
+				parts = append(parts, key+"="+value)
+				replaced = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !replaced {
+		parts = append(parts, key+"="+value)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "; ")
+}