diff --git a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/conversion_test.go b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/conversion_test.go
index e77e9d446..dcec88a94 100644
--- a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/conversion_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/conversion_test.go
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ var services = []*model.Service{
 		Attributes: model.ServiceAttributes{
 			Namespace: "default",
 			Labels: map[string]string{
-				"higress.io/inferencepool-extension-service":      "ext-proc-svc",
-				"higress.io/inferencepool-extension-port":         "9002",
-				"higress.io/inferencepool-extension-failure-mode": "FailClose",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefSvc:         "ext-proc-svc",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefPort:        "9002",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefFailureMode: "FailClose",
 			},
 		},
 		Ports: ports,
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ var services = []*model.Service{
 		Attributes: model.ServiceAttributes{
 			Namespace: "default",
 			Labels: map[string]string{
-				"higress.io/inferencepool-extension-service":      "ext-proc-svc-2",
-				"higress.io/inferencepool-extension-port":         "9002",
-				"higress.io/inferencepool-extension-failure-mode": "FailClose",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefSvc:         "ext-proc-svc-2",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefPort:        "9002",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefFailureMode: "FailClose",
 			},
 		},
 		Ports: ports,
@@ -156,6 +156,36 @@ var services = []*model.Service{
 			return name
 		}())),
 	},
+	{
+		Attributes: model.ServiceAttributes{
+			Namespace: "default",
+			Labels: map[string]string{
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefSvc:         "model1-epp",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefPort:        "9002",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefFailureMode: "FailClose",
+			},
+		},
+		Ports: ports,
+		Hostname: host.Name(fmt.Sprintf("%s.default.svc.domain.suffix", func() string {
+			name, _ := InferencePoolServiceName("infpool-model1")
+			return name
+		}())),
+	},
+	{
+		Attributes: model.ServiceAttributes{
+			Namespace: "default",
+			Labels: map[string]string{
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefSvc:         "model2-epp",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefPort:        "9002",
+				InferencePoolExtensionRefFailureMode: "FailClose",
+			},
+		},
+		Ports: ports,
+		Hostname: host.Name(fmt.Sprintf("%s.default.svc.domain.suffix", func() string {
+			name, _ := InferencePoolServiceName("infpool-model2")
+			return name
+		}())),
+	},
 
 	{
 		Attributes: model.ServiceAttributes{
diff --git a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/route_collections.go b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/route_collections.go
index 957e877af..16e40e1a9 100644
--- a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/route_collections.go
+++ b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/route_collections.go
@@ -766,12 +766,63 @@ func mergeHTTPRoutes(baseVirtualServices krt.Collection[RouteWithKey], opts ...k
 		sortRoutesByCreationTime(configs)
 		base := configs[0].DeepCopy()
 		baseVS := base.Spec.(*istio.VirtualService)
-		for _, config := range configs[1:] {
+		// Deep copy the InferencePool configs map to avoid race conditions
+		// The default DeepCopy() only does shallow copy of Extra field
+		if base.Extra != nil {
+			if ipConfigs, ok := base.Extra[constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs].(map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig); ok {
+				// Create a new map to avoid modifying the shared underlying map
+				newIPConfigs := make(map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig, len(ipConfigs))
+				for k, v := range ipConfigs {
+					newIPConfigs[k] = v
+				}
+				base.Extra[constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs] = newIPConfigs
+			}
+		}
+		for i, config := range configs[1:] {
 			thisVS := config.Spec.(*istio.VirtualService)
 			baseVS.Http = append(baseVS.Http, thisVS.Http...)
 			// append parents
 			base.Annotations[constants.InternalParentNames] = fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s",
 				base.Annotations[constants.InternalParentNames], config.Annotations[constants.InternalParentNames])
+			// Merge Extra field (especially for InferencePool configs)
+			if base.Extra == nil && config.Extra != nil {
+				base.Extra = make(map[string]any)
+			}
+			if config.Extra != nil {
+				for k, v := range config.Extra {
+					// For non-InferencePool configs, keep the first value for stability
+					if k != constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs {
+						if _, exists := base.Extra[k]; !exists {
+							base.Extra[k] = v
+						}
+						continue
+					}
+					// For InferencePool configs, merge the maps
+					baseMap, baseOk := base.Extra[k].(map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig)
+					configMap, configOk := v.(map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig)
+					if baseOk && configOk {
+						log.Debugf("Merging InferencePool configs: adding %d route configs from VirtualService %d to base (namespace=%s)",
+							len(configMap), i+1, config.Namespace)
+						// Route names are composed of the HTTPRoute/VirtualService namespaced name so they can't possibly conflict
+						for routeName, routeConfig := range configMap {
+							baseMap[routeName] = routeConfig
+						}
+					} else if configOk {
+						if _, exists := base.Extra[k]; !exists {
+							log.Debugf("Creating new InferencePool config map from VirtualService %d (namespace=%s)", i+1, config.Namespace)
+							base.Extra[k] = v
+						}
+					} else if !configOk {
+						log.Debugf("Skipping InferencePool config from VirtualService %d due to unexpected type (namespace=%s)", i+1, config.Namespace)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Log final merged InferencePool configs
+		if base.Extra != nil {
+			if ipConfigs, ok := base.Extra[constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs].(map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig); ok {
+				log.Debugf("Final merged VirtualService for key %s has %d InferencePool route configs", object.Key, len(ipConfigs))
+			}
 		}
 		sortHTTPRoutes(baseVS.Http)
 		base.Name = strings.ReplaceAll(object.Key, "/", "~")
diff --git a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/route_collections_test.go b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/route_collections_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..506cc4ebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/route_collections_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright Istio Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package istio
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	istio "istio.io/api/networking/v1alpha3"
+	"istio.io/istio/pkg/config"
+	"istio.io/istio/pkg/config/constants"
+	"istio.io/istio/pkg/config/gateway/kube"
+	"istio.io/istio/pkg/kube/krt"
+	"istio.io/istio/pkg/test"
+)
+
+func TestMergeHTTPRoutesMergesInferencePoolExtra(t *testing.T) {
+	stop := test.NewStop(t)
+	routeKey := "default/gateway/example.com"
+	baseRouteName := "default/local-ai-chat"
+	otherRouteName := "default/local-ai-chat-360m"
+	baseInferenceConfigs := map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig{
+		baseRouteName: {
+			FQDN:             "local-ai-chat-pool-epp.default.svc.cluster.local",
+			Port:             "9002",
+			FailureModeAllow: true,
+		},
+	}
+	otherInferenceConfigs := map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig{
+		otherRouteName: {
+			FQDN: "local-ai-chat-360m-pool-epp.default.svc.cluster.local",
+			Port: "9002",
+		},
+	}
+	baseCfg := &config.Config{
+		Meta: config.Meta{
+			Name:              "local-ai-chat",
+			Namespace:         "default",
+			CreationTimestamp: time.Unix(1, 0),
+			Annotations: map[string]string{
+				constants.InternalParentNames: "parent-a",
+			},
+		},
+		Spec: &istio.VirtualService{
+			Hosts:    []string{"example.com"},
+			Gateways: []string{"default/gateway"},
+			Http: []*istio.HTTPRoute{{
+				Name: baseRouteName,
+			}},
+		},
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs: baseInferenceConfigs,
+			"non-inference-extra": "kept-from-base",
+		},
+	}
+	otherCfg := &config.Config{
+		Meta: config.Meta{
+			Name:              "local-ai-chat-360m",
+			Namespace:         "default",
+			CreationTimestamp: time.Unix(2, 0),
+			Annotations: map[string]string{
+				constants.InternalParentNames: "parent-b",
+			},
+		},
+		Spec: &istio.VirtualService{
+			Hosts:    []string{"example.com"},
+			Gateways: []string{"default/gateway"},
+			Http: []*istio.HTTPRoute{{
+				Name: otherRouteName,
+			}},
+		},
+		Extra: map[string]any{
+			constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs: otherInferenceConfigs,
+			"non-inference-extra": "ignored-from-later-route",
+			"other-extra":         "added-from-later-route",
+		},
+	}
+	baseVirtualServices := krt.NewStaticCollection[RouteWithKey](nil, []RouteWithKey{
+		{
+			Config: baseCfg,
+			Key:    routeKey,
+		},
+		{
+			Config: otherCfg,
+			Key:    routeKey,
+		},
+	}, krt.WithStop(stop), krt.WithName("base"))
+
+	merged := mergeHTTPRoutes(baseVirtualServices, krt.WithStop(stop), krt.WithName("merged"))
+	merged.WaitUntilSynced(stop)
+	gotList := merged.List()
+	if len(gotList) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one merged VirtualService, got %d", len(gotList))
+	}
+
+	got := gotList[0]
+	if got.Name != strings.ReplaceAll(routeKey, "/", "~") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected merged VirtualService name %q, got %q", strings.ReplaceAll(routeKey, "/", "~"), got.Name)
+	}
+	gotVS := got.Spec.(*istio.VirtualService)
+	if len(gotVS.Http) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected merged VirtualService to contain 2 HTTP routes, got %d", len(gotVS.Http))
+	}
+
+	gotInferenceConfigs, ok := got.Extra[constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs].(map[string]kube.InferencePoolRouteRuleConfig)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected merged InferencePool configs, got %T", got.Extra[constants.ConfigExtraPerRouteRuleInferencePoolConfigs])
+	}
+	if len(gotInferenceConfigs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 merged InferencePool configs, got %d: %v", len(gotInferenceConfigs), gotInferenceConfigs)
+	}
+	if gotInferenceConfigs[baseRouteName].FQDN != baseInferenceConfigs[baseRouteName].FQDN {
+		t.Fatalf("expected base route InferencePool config to be preserved, got %v", gotInferenceConfigs[baseRouteName])
+	}
+	if gotInferenceConfigs[otherRouteName].FQDN != otherInferenceConfigs[otherRouteName].FQDN {
+		t.Fatalf("expected later route InferencePool config to be merged, got %v", gotInferenceConfigs[otherRouteName])
+	}
+	if got.Extra["non-inference-extra"] != "kept-from-base" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-InferencePool Extra to keep base value, got %v", got.Extra["non-inference-extra"])
+	}
+	if got.Extra["other-extra"] != "added-from-later-route" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing non-InferencePool Extra to be added, got %v", got.Extra["other-extra"])
+	}
+	if _, found := baseInferenceConfigs[otherRouteName]; found {
+		t.Fatalf("expected base InferencePool config map not to be mutated by merge")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.status.yaml.golden b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.status.yaml.golden
index c64cb156d..7a5d4b3cb 100644
--- a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.status.yaml.golden
+++ b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.status.yaml.golden
@@ -14,6 +14,22 @@ metadata:
 spec: null
 status: {}
 ---
+apiVersion: inference.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: InferencePool
+metadata:
+  name: infpool-model1
+  namespace: default
+spec: null
+status: {}
+---
+apiVersion: inference.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: InferencePool
+metadata:
+  name: infpool-model2
+  namespace: default
+spec: null
+status: {}
+---
 apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
 kind: GatewayClass
 metadata:
@@ -49,7 +65,7 @@ status:
     status: "True"
     type: Programmed
   listeners:
-  - attachedRoutes: 11
+  - attachedRoutes: 13
     conditions:
     - lastTransitionTime: fake
       message: No errors found
@@ -272,6 +288,54 @@ status:
 ---
 apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
 kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: multi-route-infpool-1
+  namespace: default
+spec: null
+status:
+  parents:
+  - conditions:
+    - lastTransitionTime: fake
+      message: Route was valid
+      reason: Accepted
+      status: "True"
+      type: Accepted
+    - lastTransitionTime: fake
+      message: All references resolved
+      reason: ResolvedRefs
+      status: "True"
+      type: ResolvedRefs
+    controllerName: higress.io/gateway-controller
+    parentRef:
+      name: gateway
+      namespace: higress-system
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: multi-route-infpool-2
+  namespace: default
+spec: null
+status:
+  parents:
+  - conditions:
+    - lastTransitionTime: fake
+      message: Route was valid
+      reason: Accepted
+      status: "True"
+      type: Accepted
+    - lastTransitionTime: fake
+      message: All references resolved
+      reason: ResolvedRefs
+      status: "True"
+      type: ResolvedRefs
+    controllerName: higress.io/gateway-controller
+    parentRef:
+      name: gateway
+      namespace: higress-system
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: HTTPRoute
 metadata:
   name: multiple-inferencepool-backend-refs
   namespace: default
diff --git a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml
index 45dda70d6..f75936a2e 100644
--- a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml
+++ b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml
@@ -421,3 +421,80 @@ spec:
     name: vllm-llama3-8b-instruct-epp
     port:
       number: 9002
+---
+# Test case for multiple HTTPRoutes with InferencePools on same gateway.
+# This verifies that InferencePool configs in Config.Extra are preserved when
+# the routes are merged into a single VirtualService.
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: multi-route-infpool-1
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+    - name: gateway
+      namespace: higress-system
+  hostnames: ["multi-infpool.domain.example"]
+  rules:
+    - matches:
+        - path:
+            type: PathPrefix
+            value: /model1
+      backendRefs:
+        - name: infpool-model1
+          group: inference.networking.k8s.io
+          kind: InferencePool
+          port: 80
+---
+apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: multi-route-infpool-2
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+    - name: gateway
+      namespace: higress-system
+  hostnames: ["multi-infpool.domain.example"]
+  rules:
+    - matches:
+        - path:
+            type: PathPrefix
+            value: /model2
+      backendRefs:
+        - name: infpool-model2
+          group: inference.networking.k8s.io
+          kind: InferencePool
+          port: 80
+---
+apiVersion: inference.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: InferencePool
+metadata:
+  name: infpool-model1
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  targetPorts:
+    - number: 8000
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: model1-server
+  endpointPickerRef:
+    name: model1-epp
+    port:
+      number: 9002
+---
+apiVersion: inference.networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: InferencePool
+metadata:
+  name: infpool-model2
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  targetPorts:
+    - number: 8000
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: model2-server
+  endpointPickerRef:
+    name: model2-epp
+    port:
+      number: 9002
diff --git a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml.golden b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml.golden
index 9b2f30641..5f4a82332 100644
--- a/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml.golden
+++ b/pkg/ingress/kube/gateway/istio/testdata/http.yaml.golden
@@ -242,6 +242,35 @@ spec:
 ---
 apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
 kind: VirtualService
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    internal.istio.io/parents: HTTPRoute/multi-route-infpool-1.default,HTTPRoute/multi-route-infpool-2.default
+    internal.istio.io/route-semantics: gateway
+  name: higress-system~gateway-istio-autogenerated-k8s-gateway-default~multi-infpool.domain.example
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  gateways:
+  - higress-system/gateway-istio-autogenerated-k8s-gateway-default
+  hosts:
+  - multi-infpool.domain.example
+  http:
+  - match:
+    - uri:
+        prefix: /model1
+    name: default/multi-route-infpool-1
+    route:
+    - destination:
+        host: infpool-model1-ip-aaaaf2d6.default.svc.domain.suffix
+  - match:
+    - uri:
+        prefix: /model2
+    name: default/multi-route-infpool-2
+    route:
+    - destination:
+        host: infpool-model2-ip-f857bff9.default.svc.domain.suffix
+---
+apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
+kind: VirtualService
 metadata:
   annotations:
     internal.istio.io/parents: HTTPRoute/redirect-prefix-replace.default