# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Copyright (c) 2025 relakkes@gmail.com # # This file is part of MediaCrawler project. # Repository: https://github.com/NanmiCoder/MediaCrawler/blob/main/media_platform/zhihu/core.py # GitHub: https://github.com/NanmiCoder # Licensed under NON-COMMERCIAL LEARNING LICENSE 1.1 # # 声明：本代码仅供学习和研究目的使用。使用者应遵守以下原则： # 1. 不得用于任何商业用途。 # 2. 使用时应遵守目标平台的使用条款和robots.txt规则。 # 3. 不得进行大规模爬取或对平台造成运营干扰。 # 4. 应合理控制请求频率，避免给目标平台带来不必要的负担。 # 5. 不得用于任何非法或不当的用途。 # # 详细许可条款请参阅项目根目录下的LICENSE文件。 # 使用本代码即表示您同意遵守上述原则和LICENSE中的所有条款。 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import asyncio import os # import random # Removed as we now use fixed config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC intervals from asyncio import Task from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, cast from playwright.async_api import ( BrowserContext, BrowserType, Page, Playwright, async_playwright, ) import config from constant import zhihu as constant from base.base_crawler import AbstractCrawler from model.m_zhihu import ZhihuContent, ZhihuCreator from proxy.proxy_ip_pool import IpInfoModel, create_ip_pool from store import zhihu as zhihu_store from tools import utils from tools.cdp_browser import CDPBrowserManager from var import crawler_type_var, source_keyword_var from .client import ZhiHuClient from .exception import DataFetchError from .help import ZhihuExtractor, judge_zhihu_url from .login import ZhiHuLogin class ZhihuCrawler(AbstractCrawler): context_page: Page zhihu_client: ZhiHuClient browser_context: BrowserContext cdp_manager: Optional[CDPBrowserManager] def __init__(self) -> None: self.index_url = "https://www.zhihu.com" # self.user_agent = utils.get_user_agent() self.user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" self._extractor = ZhihuExtractor() self.cdp_manager = None self.ip_proxy_pool = None # Proxy IP pool for automatic proxy refresh async def start(self) -> None: """ Start the crawler Returns: """ playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = None, None if config.ENABLE_IP_PROXY: self.ip_proxy_pool = await create_ip_pool( config.IP_PROXY_POOL_COUNT, enable_validate_ip=True ) ip_proxy_info: IpInfoModel = await self.ip_proxy_pool.get_proxy() playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = utils.format_proxy_info( ip_proxy_info ) async with async_playwright() as playwright: # Choose launch mode based on configuration if config.ENABLE_CDP_MODE: utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler] Launching browser in CDP mode") self.browser_context = await self.launch_browser_with_cdp( playwright, playwright_proxy_format, self.user_agent, headless=config.CDP_HEADLESS, ) else: utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler] Launching browser in standard mode") # Launch a browser context. chromium = playwright.chromium self.browser_context = await self.launch_browser( chromium, None, self.user_agent, headless=config.HEADLESS ) # stealth.min.js is a js script to prevent the website from detecting the crawler. await self.browser_context.add_init_script(path="libs/stealth.min.js") self.context_page = await self.browser_context.new_page() await self.context_page.goto(self.index_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded") # Create a client to interact with the zhihu website. self.zhihu_client = await self.create_zhihu_client(httpx_proxy_format) if not await self.zhihu_client.pong(): login_obj = ZhiHuLogin( login_type=config.LOGIN_TYPE, login_phone="", # input your phone number browser_context=self.browser_context, context_page=self.context_page, cookie_str=config.COOKIES, ) await login_obj.begin() await self.zhihu_client.update_cookies( browser_context=self.browser_context ) # Zhihu's search API requires opening the search page first to access cookies, homepage alone won't work utils.logger.info( "[ZhihuCrawler.start] Zhihu navigating to search page to get search page cookies, this process takes about 5 seconds" ) await self.context_page.goto( f"{self.index_url}/search?q=python&search_source=Guess&utm_content=search_hot&type=content" ) await asyncio.sleep(5) await self.zhihu_client.update_cookies(browser_context=self.browser_context) crawler_type_var.set(config.CRAWLER_TYPE) if config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "search": # Search for notes and retrieve their comment information. await self.search() elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "detail": # Get the information and comments of the specified post await self.get_specified_notes() elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "creator": # Get creator's information and their notes and comments await self.get_creators_and_notes() else: pass utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.start] Zhihu Crawler finished ...") async def search(self) -> None: """Search for notes and retrieve their comment information.""" utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.search] Begin search zhihu keywords") zhihu_limit_count = 20 # zhihu limit page fixed value if config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT < zhihu_limit_count: config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT = zhihu_limit_count start_page = config.START_PAGE for keyword in config.KEYWORDS.split(","): source_keyword_var.set(keyword) utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Current search keyword: {keyword}" ) page = 1 while ( page - start_page + 1 ) * zhihu_limit_count <= config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT: if page < start_page: utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Skip page {page}") page += 1 continue try: utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] search zhihu keyword: {keyword}, page: {page}" ) content_list: List[ZhihuContent] = ( await self.zhihu_client.get_note_by_keyword( keyword=keyword, page=page, ) ) utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Search contents :{content_list}" ) if not content_list: utils.logger.info("No more content!") break # Sleep after page navigation await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC) utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after page {page-1}") page += 1 for content in content_list: await zhihu_store.update_zhihu_content(content) await self.batch_get_content_comments(content_list) except DataFetchError: utils.logger.error("[ZhihuCrawler.search] Search content error") return async def batch_get_content_comments(self, content_list: List[ZhihuContent]): """ Batch get content comments Args: content_list: Returns: """ if not config.ENABLE_GET_COMMENTS: utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.batch_get_content_comments] Crawling comment mode is not enabled" ) return semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM) task_list: List[Task] = [] for content_item in content_list: task = asyncio.create_task( self.get_comments(content_item, semaphore), name=content_item.content_id ) task_list.append(task) await asyncio.gather(*task_list) async def get_comments( self, content_item: ZhihuContent, semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore ): """ Get note comments with keyword filtering and quantity limitation Args: content_item: semaphore: Returns: """ async with semaphore: utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_comments] Begin get note id comments {content_item.content_id}" ) # Sleep before fetching comments await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC) utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_comments] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds before fetching comments for content {content_item.content_id}") await self.zhihu_client.get_note_all_comments( content=content_item, crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC, callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_note_comments, ) async def get_creators_and_notes(self) -> None: """ Get creator's information and their notes and comments Returns: """ utils.logger.info( "[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Begin get xiaohongshu creators" ) for user_link in config.ZHIHU_CREATOR_URL_LIST: utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Begin get creator {user_link}" ) user_url_token = user_link.split("/")[-1] # get creator detail info from web html content createor_info: ZhihuCreator = await self.zhihu_client.get_creator_info( url_token=user_url_token ) if not createor_info: utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Creator {user_url_token} not found" ) continue utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Creator info: {createor_info}" ) await zhihu_store.save_creator(creator=createor_info) # By default, only answer information is extracted, uncomment below if articles and videos are needed # Get all anwser information of the creator all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_anwser_by_creator( creator=createor_info, crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC, callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents, ) # Get all articles of the creator's contents # all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_articles_by_creator( # creator=createor_info, # crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC, # callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents # ) # Get all videos of the creator's contents # all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_videos_by_creator( # creator=createor_info, # crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC, # callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents # ) # Get all comments of the creator's contents await self.batch_get_content_comments(all_content_list) async def get_note_detail( self, full_note_url: str, semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore ) -> Optional[ZhihuContent]: """ Get note detail Args: full_note_url: str semaphore: Returns: """ async with semaphore: utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Begin get specified note {full_note_url}" ) # Judge note type note_type: str = judge_zhihu_url(full_note_url) if note_type == constant.ANSWER_NAME: question_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-3] answer_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-1] utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Get answer info, question_id: {question_id}, answer_id: {answer_id}" ) result = await self.zhihu_client.get_answer_info(question_id, answer_id) # Sleep after fetching answer details await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC) utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_note_detail] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after fetching answer details {answer_id}") return result elif note_type == constant.ARTICLE_NAME: article_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-1] utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Get article info, article_id: {article_id}" ) result = await self.zhihu_client.get_article_info(article_id) # Sleep after fetching article details await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC) utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_note_detail] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after fetching article details {article_id}") return result elif note_type == constant.VIDEO_NAME: video_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-1] utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Get video info, video_id: {video_id}" ) result = await self.zhihu_client.get_video_info(video_id) # Sleep after fetching video details await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC) utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_note_detail] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after fetching video details {video_id}") return result async def get_specified_notes(self): """ Get the information and comments of the specified post Returns: """ get_note_detail_task_list = [] for full_note_url in config.ZHIHU_SPECIFIED_ID_LIST: # remove query params full_note_url = full_note_url.split("?")[0] crawler_task = self.get_note_detail( full_note_url=full_note_url, semaphore=asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM), ) get_note_detail_task_list.append(crawler_task) need_get_comment_notes: List[ZhihuContent] = [] note_details = await asyncio.gather(*get_note_detail_task_list) for index, note_detail in enumerate(note_details): if not note_detail: utils.logger.info( f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Note {config.ZHIHU_SPECIFIED_ID_LIST[index]} not found" ) continue note_detail = cast(ZhihuContent, note_detail) # only for type check need_get_comment_notes.append(note_detail) await zhihu_store.update_zhihu_content(note_detail) await self.batch_get_content_comments(need_get_comment_notes) async def create_zhihu_client(self, httpx_proxy: Optional[str]) -> ZhiHuClient: """Create zhihu client""" utils.logger.info( "[ZhihuCrawler.create_zhihu_client] Begin create zhihu API client ..." ) cookie_str, cookie_dict = utils.convert_cookies( await self.browser_context.cookies() ) zhihu_client_obj = ZhiHuClient( proxy=httpx_proxy, headers={ "accept": "*/*", "accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", "cookie": cookie_str, "priority": "u=1, i", "referer": "https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=python&time_interval=a_year&type=content", "user-agent": self.user_agent, "x-api-version": "3.0.91", "x-app-za": "OS=Web", "x-requested-with": "fetch", "x-zse-93": "101_3_3.0", }, playwright_page=self.context_page, cookie_dict=cookie_dict, proxy_ip_pool=self.ip_proxy_pool, # Pass proxy pool for automatic refresh ) return zhihu_client_obj async def launch_browser( self, chromium: BrowserType, playwright_proxy: Optional[Dict], user_agent: Optional[str], headless: bool = True, ) -> BrowserContext: """Launch browser and create browser context""" utils.logger.info( "[ZhihuCrawler.launch_browser] Begin create browser context ..." ) if config.SAVE_LOGIN_STATE: # feat issue #14 # we will save login state to avoid login every time user_data_dir = os.path.join( os.getcwd(), "browser_data", config.USER_DATA_DIR % config.PLATFORM ) # type: ignore browser_context = await chromium.launch_persistent_context( user_data_dir=user_data_dir, accept_downloads=True, headless=headless, proxy=playwright_proxy, # type: ignore viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}, user_agent=user_agent, channel="chrome", # Use system Chrome stable version ) return browser_context else: browser = await chromium.launch(headless=headless, proxy=playwright_proxy, channel="chrome") # type: ignore browser_context = await browser.new_context( viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}, user_agent=user_agent ) return browser_context async def launch_browser_with_cdp( self, playwright: Playwright, playwright_proxy: Optional[Dict], user_agent: Optional[str], headless: bool = True, ) -> BrowserContext: """ Launch browser using CDP mode """ try: self.cdp_manager = CDPBrowserManager() browser_context = await self.cdp_manager.launch_and_connect( playwright=playwright, playwright_proxy=playwright_proxy, user_agent=user_agent, headless=headless, ) # Display browser information browser_info = await self.cdp_manager.get_browser_info() utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler] CDP browser info: {browser_info}") return browser_context except Exception as e: utils.logger.error(f"[ZhihuCrawler] CDP mode launch failed, falling back to standard mode: {e}") # Fall back to standard mode chromium = playwright.chromium return await self.launch_browser( chromium, playwright_proxy, user_agent, headless ) async def close(self): """Close browser context""" # Special handling if using CDP mode if self.cdp_manager: await self.cdp_manager.cleanup() self.cdp_manager = None else: await self.browser_context.close() utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.close] Browser context closed ...")